Kerouacs On the Road free essay sample

On the Road just gave me the itch. The itch to abandon the glum and ho-hum life set before you for a life on the road, tackling the wondrous world and getting your kicks. I believe Kerouac would agree that being on the road is more about being a madman for your dreams than actually hitchhiking your way to Frisco and back just to hear some maniacal pianist shake and quiver as he pounds the keys into sawdust in a broken down saloon off Market Street. It’s the itch that drives you to seek out and experiment and explore whether it’s that wide crazy world around you or just those thick books written by Wolfe and Hemingway you’ve got but never had the courage to tackle. Kerouac and his road buds rode up and down the Eastern Seaboard, through the Midwest and California to escape the whole dull life that had been put in front of them. We will write a custom essay sample on Kerouacs On the Road or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jack and Dean and Carlo Marx just wanted to feel the beat, that jazz they loved so much and the road beneath them. The crazy wild-eyed excitement, the raging energy of Dean Moriarty, tears at your soul and makes you want to be like him ? even though he’s one tragic cat. Maybe you don’t want to find yourself still on the road when you’re forty-five ? dying of alcoholism ? but you never want to lose that mad-eyed fervor you felt way back when. I can see a life ahead of me. One Kerouac would have been proud of. I can see myself in the back of that old Greyhound bus coming out of Port Authority. I’ve got my beaten battered copy of On the Road in one hand, a one-way ticket in the other. I can see the Hudson River lit by a sad orange dusk out of the corner of my eye ? it flows polluted, the water swelling and shrinking like the crescendos and decrescendos of some lost jazz musician’s trumpet singing sweet â€Å"EE-yah†s and â€Å"EEE-de-lee-yah†s into the hollowed out subways. The bus grumbles varoom and roars out into the deep dark highway, bound for ole Chicago, the dividing point of East and West, my past and future. But then if I followed that road I wouldn’t be myself, just another Kerouac wannabe, wishing I were growing up with those young Beats. ? So I guess I’ll just have to take in Kerouac’s uncontrollable passionate soul and leave out the hitchhike to Frisco, the ragg ed clothes and nights spent in the back of a flatbed staring up at the big skies of Wyoming. As Kerouac hooted ?his eyes nearly popping out of their sockets? in the midst of one of his mad conversations with Carlo Marx, â€Å"I had nothing to offer anyone except my own confusion.† I could tell you that Jack was right but it wouldn’t matter. Kerouac’s confusion is a beautiful confusion that in its own chaotic way gives you the clarity to do things you never thought possible. One day, I will find myself looking out into that deep dark highway ? that endless stretch blanketed by the shadowy unknown ? I’ll carry my copy of On the Road like a bible and I will know that Kerouac gave me the feverish energy to keep traveling out through the night. On the Road is more than a book to me ? it’s a muse.

Ben and Jerrys Essays

Ben and Jerrys Essays Ben and Jerrys Essay Ben and Jerrys Essay Ben and Jerrys BY tmh01854 Ben Jerrys corporate strategy is to be a force for social change through its presence in the frozen desert market. With a commitment to promoting social awareness and caring capitalism, Ben Jerry established itself as a leader with a unique image in the superpremium ice cream market by priding themselves with an anti-business style, both externally and internally. Theyre the largest corporate supporter of community and environmental issues (committing 7. % of pre-tax profits). They tand behind a casual working environment with a 5:1 salary ratio structure, which means the highest paid employee can only earn a maximum of 5 times the lowest paid employee. Ben Jerrys business strategy is differentiation, in that they offer a wide variety of products. While the company continues to pull slow moving products, they replace them with new flavors and selections that contribute to the companys growth. Using Porters 5-Force analysis, threats of new entrants and supplier power is low, but intense rivalry, threats of substitutes, and threat of buyers are high, giving he industry as a whole an overall rating of 2 stars. Threats of new entrants are relatively low, as there are high barriers to industry entry. These include the initial capital investment to purchase equipment, as well as establish distribution channels and marketing/advertising campaigns. There is a high threat of substitutes in the ice cream industry, as many products are available to satisfy the same needs. Buyer power is high, as both consumers and retailers drive the price and choices of ice cream. Since shelf space is limited, ice cream can easily be replaced. Supplier power is low as there are multiple sources to buy the ingredients to make the product. A company can get the raw materials Just about anywhere, but when venturing into the superpremium market, this product line uses brand candies from other companies. Rivalry is high since many compete to have better flavors and shelf space in stores. We do believe that the culture and values of create a sustainable advantage. Bs values include caring capitalism, funding community projects, free employee assistance programs, day-care, comprehensive benefits ackages, and their important 5:1 salary ratio rule. Ben Jerrys certainly possess a unique brand as it relates to culture. The companys social mission and its promotional awareness events generate interest in the company. By targeting social causes, the Ben Jerrys brand extends beyond the ice cream products where consumers may believe that through the purchase of Ben Jerrys ice cream, they are also contributing towards the social initiatives of the company. Further, the culture and values differentiate the company from its competitors. As a strategy, the social involvement dives awareness of the companys brand and product leading to fiscal growth. This benefitted Ben Jerrys during its growth period and formed a strong identity among consumers. From a sustainability standpoint, Ben Jerrys drove social responsibility issues before it became fashionable within the business sector. That said, culture and values contribute towards a competitive advantage, but is not a means to an end on its own. The company must still practice fundamental perational discipline and manage its cost structure to survive long term. Under Cohens leadership, cost and profit management was an afterthought to the social improving their position to cover short liabilities. Their gross profit margin has held steady over the last 6 years (averaging 28. 3%) after dropping from a high in 1981 (49. 76%). This is an indication of successfully adjusting their price point due to changes in their operation. However, their net profit margin fell over time as more expenses resulted from investments in non-production costs. While not robust, BJ increased both their net working capital and asset turnover from 1985 1989. They brought their long term debt ratio down to 31. 5% in 1986. However, since then, BJs additional financing came from debt (back up 70% in 1989) becoming a highly leveraged company. Two challenges that confronted Ben Jerrys by the end of the case include compensation at market rates for senior management as well as the friction between Ben Cohens ideology of the company and Chico Lagers desire to lead Ben Jerrys into a growing, businesslike environment. The 5:1 compensation plan limited the companys ability to recruit top talent within the management ranks leading to lengthy executive searches and vacant management positions. The latter point stemmed from the business crossroad that faced the company. While Cohen sought to preserve the identity and values deeply rooted into the companys DNA, the challenges facing a growing company became a reality. Business practices such as managing profits, instilling operational discipline, and hiring and retaining top talent created stress within Ben Jerrys.

706 discussion 6 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

706 discussion 6 - Assignment Example Similarly, the skills can equip clinicians to manage any superiority attitude among physicians and facilitate cohesion in teams. Developing courses for raining on the skills and establishing the courses as core courses for health professional students is therefore a necessary step to preparing the students (Lingard, et al., 2012). Organizing for interactive forums for students in the health profession is also likely establish bonds among the different health professions and therefore promote effective teams among the professions. Evidence based research on disadvantages of hierarchies and advantages of shared leadership approach and advocacy for a transition from the hierarchical perspective are some of the strategies for promoting shared leadership approach. A study by Sterrett (2010) that aimed at developing a theory supports the research-based approach and advocacy for developed recommendations can facilitate changes. Responsibilities, in a collaborative environment, should be shared on individuals’ competencies because this promotes specialization and efficiency. My clinical experience has witness physicians assume patient advocacy roles. Sterrett, S. (2010). Becoming an interprofessional community of practice: A qualitative study of an interpersonal fellowship. Journal of Research in Interprofessional Practice and Medicine, 1(3),

Project Governance Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Project Governance - Research Proposal Example The role of the stakeholders lies in the government department who are largely required to implement strategies to manage time, effort and money to be incurred for the project. The purpose of this analysis is to locate all the key influential people who are directly responsible for managing the project and has a hand in project duration and monetary determination. The various responsibilities enable better functioning of the project and make sure that all the formalities of project resource delegation and allocation is handled. This information is prepared for keeping a knowledge document for every type of resource and people enforcing the requirement analysis of the project. It stands very essential to manage the project members and determine all parties who influence decision making to complete the project with the assigned resources (Paul, 2007). Paul, G (2007). "Stakeholder Management Sheet". Retrieved 31, January 2009 from http://www.businet.org.uk/public/conferenceDocs/Riga2007/Businet%20Conference%202007,%20Stakeholder%20Management%20Sheet%20(template).ppt.

E-Marketing (The strengths and weaknesses of E-Advertising) Essay

E-Marketing (The strengths and weaknesses of E-Advertising) - Essay Example This essay is a critical evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of E-marketing. With the current developments in the Information Technology sector, it has become possible for businesses and organizations to conduct their businesses over the internet, a process that can be referred to as E-commerce (Hanson, 2000). This is facilitated by the accessibility of personal computers among the world’s population with internet connection which interfaces the suppliers with their customers through interactive websites, which enables the customers to make orders as well as to compare and to contrast the services offered by different vendors. Through their websites, the businesses are able to generate attention through the use of graphics that depict the true nature of the businesses for example by including photographs of the business premises, some of the products sold as well as the management teams among other important aspects of the business which may be helpful in building confidence in the buyers on the services offered (Reynolds, 2004). These help to create a picture on the customer’s mind on the credibility of the business, reason being that photographs communicate more on the image of the organization. Creating awareness is the main importance of advertising (Haegele, 2001). Through the internet, this goal has been achieved by businesses, which have exploited the global market at a cheaper price than the other media of advertising such as the yellow pages, through the mass media i.e. news papers and radio as well as Television etc. It is estimated that the price of creating a website is cheaper than the price of advertising on the yellow pages thus making it affordable to all types of businesses (Brown, 2006). With thousands of potential customers around the world using the internet for other purposes such as research, sending and receiving e-mails as well as communicating through chat rooms and entertainment, internet advertising offers the best

What It Means To Be Canadian

What It Means To Be Canadian To no ones surprise, being a Canadian means different things to different people and it is quite commonplace for many Canadians to have multiple identities and even multiple allegiances. Predictably, it is not always clear how these multiple identities can fit into Canadian society and fault lines inevitably arise between those with different identities. The next several pages will look at the oldest fault-line of them all at least among Canadians of European extraction which is the fault line between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians. It resonates with this writer because, frankly, so much of our constitutional and political history has been wrapped up with trying to resolve the grievances and insecurities of French Canadians. For those within and without this fault line, Canadian identity is complicated because those who fall outside it people who have arrived from Asia or the Caribbean or from various other parts of the world are subtly reminded, through official bilingualism and through the constant constitutional wrangling over whether or not Quebec is a distinct society, that perhaps they are not true or authentic Canadians in the way some other groups are. Further, for French Canadians, the battle has always been between identifying themselves as Canadians or identifying themselves as French-Canadians who deserve to stand apart from other Canadians. This paper will look at the French-English divide in Canada by providing a brief historical overview of the tensions that have long existed between the two sides; as should be plain, the divide has been with us since before Confederation and will surely be with us for some time still to come. The paper will then turn to look at the introduction of Bill 101 in 1977 and how that ushered in a new era of strained English-French relations. With that out of the way, the paper will subsequently observe how the fault line in general has complicated how people who associate with this group identity interact within Canadian society? In short, how have French Canadians (the minority group and the group most likely to be inflamed by linguistic considerations) interacted within Canada in light of the powerful divide that separates them and that exacerbates their hostilities towards one another? With special reference to French Canadians, what does it mean to them (or what has it meant to them rec ently) to be Canadian within the context of Canada? Last of all, the essay will explore what the future of the Canadian national identity might well be should tensions in this fault line increase or tensions in other fault lines increase. We can all imagine that simmering tensions will weaken the connective tissue that binds Canadians together and will create the prospect for the fragmentation of Canadian society unless common ground is found. The only saving grace for Canada with regards to this particular English-French divide is that demographic factors may end up resolving it by changing the composition of Quebec and of Canada so dramatically that the country no longer much cares about English-French hostilities. Historical context of the English-French divide The simple reality is that tensions between English and French have always been a part of the Canadian landscape. In the eighteenth century, the British and French bitterly wrestled for control of North America and, at the end of that century and in the early decades of the next one, there was a significant divide between the French Canadians of Lower Canada and the English elites of that province who deigned to pass measures from on high. Suffice it to say, the educated professional elite that dominated the legislative assembly of Lower Canada from the turn of the nineteenth century onwards reacted most negatively to the disproportionate power held by (and general unresponsiveness exhibited by) the English-dominated colonial executive (executive council) and by the British-appointed governor (Greer, 1993). The end result was the ill-fated and violent 1837 Rebellion in Lower Canada when French-Canadian nationalists finally exploded in armed outrage at the refusal of the British gover nment to seriously contemplate the democratization of the Legislative Council (Breakenridge Read, 2008). As most students of Canadian history are aware, the aforementioned rebellion led to the Durham Report of 1839 wherein John Lambton, the Earl of Durham, advocated the cultural assimilation of French Canadian Lower Canada into a larger union with Lower Canada that would be dominated by the English. In effect, the best way to resolve the sense of grievance percolating in the hearts of French Canadians was to simply assimilate them (Van Male, 1997). For Lord Durham, what was tearing at the entrails of Lower Canada was a profound ethnic and linguistic conflict that fundamentally involved two nations warring in the bosom of a single state (quoted in Greer, 1993, p.153). Ultimately, though tensions did lessen somewhat from their high water mark in the late 1830s, the old animosity never completely went away: at least one observer has written about this tragic element in our historyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.this is a country of ingrown prejudicesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.unthinking, irrational and mean (Lower Q uoted in Cameron, 1997, p.372). During the subsequent generations, the animus between French Canadians and English Canadians always lurked just beneath the surface and could burst into flame at any moment. In general, many of the most significant moments in Canadian history have either revolved around French-English rapprochement the original constitutional deliberations of the 1860s or have revolved around French-Canadian animosities spilling into the open: the Conscription Crises of Two World Wars; the Richard riots of the 1950s; the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s and the federal governments attempts to head off Quebec nationalism; and the hotly-contested separatist referenda of 1980 and 1995. If one wants to understand the constitutional morass of the 1970s and 1980s (or 1990s) or if one wants to understand the original inspiration for Canadian multiculturalism (for more on how official multiculturalism under Trudeau was chiefly a response to Quebec nationalism, please see Tierney, 2007), then one must understand the fault line between English and French in Canada. Naturally, one of the greatest sources of tension of all was the battle on the part of French Canadians to protect the ir linguistic inheritance from the encroachment of the English majority. Discussion and analysis: how has the divide between English and French, and the formulation of Bill 101, impacted the interactions between the two groups within Canada? The 1977 Quebec language law was probably an inevitable consequence of the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s; protecting French culture from Les Anglais, after all, necessarily meant protecting the language from desecration and from conquest at the hands of English. Specifically, French-Canadian academics at the start of the 1970s wrote that the history of French Canada within the Canadian Confederation was very often a history of fighting to maintain the integrity of the French language. The passage of the Trudeau governments Official Language Law in 1970 saw French recognized as an official language in all federal affairs and constituted a victory of sorts, but the corresponding (and rather surprising) efforts of the Quebec government to pass Bill 63 a bill that would have granted the English language official status in Quebec was perceived as a direct threat to the primacy of the French language and viewed as setting the groundwork for the anglification of the population of Quebec ( Angers, 1970). Obviously, this raised the temperature in the room when it came to the ongoing debate about what measures should be taken to protect the French language in Quebec and expedited the arrival of Bill 101. The fault line between French Canada and English Canada has impacted or complicated how both groups (but particularly French Canadians) interact with Canada and with their Canadian identity in the sense that it has created a hyphenated group of Canadians who can be reliably expected to break down on the issues according to their linguistic background. The great conscription crises and the animus unleashed in the two referendum campaigns nearly a generation apart attest to how people on both sides (but especially French Canadians) have elected to define themselves by the language they speak than by the country of which they are a part. Bill 101, maybe more than any other single piece of legislation, reminded all Canadians of how the fault line between English and French was predicated upon concerns over language and, specifically, whose language would survive over time. Examining the act itself, Bill 101 was an act that mandated a number of things that could only have heightened the mistrust and paranoia of the English-speaking minority in Quebec at the same time as it surely disenchanted new arrivals from elsewhere in the world. Notably, Bill 101 decreed that French-only public signs were to be a feature of the province; French became the language of work in public institutions; and the autonomy of English schools in Quebec was sharply reduced (Levine, 1990). And, as most students are aware, and as our course notes remind us, Bill 101 also mandated that all students receive their schooling in French. The bill was a shot across the bow of English Quebec and divided Canadians dramatically along ethic and linguistic affiliation. To get to the heart of the matter, for French Canadians, Bill 101 was simply a re-conquest that merely asserted that French was the dominate language of la Belle Province; for English-speaking Quebeckers, however, the passage of Bill 101 was a clear repudiation of the English language as it stripped away the Charter status of the English language and also limited the rights and privileges of a linguistic group that, historically, had wielded most of the power in Quebec (Levine, 1990, p.119). Now, and maybe forever after, the centrality of language to ones conception of his or herself and his or her place in Canada could no longer be swept under the rug and the pretence that we were/are all loyal Canadians first was shattered. In general, Bill 101 has allowed the French language to retain somewhat of its lustre amongst visible minorities arriving in Quebec: recent data compiled by the Canadian Human Rights Commission indicates that, by a 2 to 1 margin, French is the first official language of visible minorities in the province (Canadian Human Rights Commission, 2007). Source: Canadian Human Rights Commission. (2007). Strategic Initiatives: section 6 Quebec. Retrieved August 5, 2010 from http://www.chrc-ccdp.ca/proactive_initiatives/bvm_mvb/page6-en.asp Information such as that above indicates that any hopes of complete English conquest of Quebec will have to wait for a little while longer. In fact, a closer look at the data reveals that the number of Quebeckers who identify English as their Mother Tongue appears to be declining and has been for several years (Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages, 2007). Source: Office of the Commissioner of Official Languages. (2007). Ethnolinguistic composition of the population. OCOL. Retrieved August 5, 2010 from http://www.ocol-clo.gc.ca/html/ar_ra_04_05_v1_14_e.php We can safely conclude that language laws have contributed, even if indirectly, to the exodus of English speakers out of Quebec and to the polarization of sentiments between English and French within Quebec. However, such language laws do not guarantee the future of the French language in the province given the mass influx of new Canadians who speak neither English nor French or who are disinterested in learning French. For many French Canadians, being Canadian may still mean being French Canadian first above all else; however, as the demographic shape of Canada changes due to high immigration, they may find themselves even more isolated than ever before but this time isolated within a huge polyglot nation where the competing languages are not just English but dozens, or even hundreds, of others. At the end of it all, any increased tensions between French and English in Canada will tear at the Canadian national identity in the sense that it undermines the legitimacy of the confederation to have the two founding languages fighting with one another. On the other hand, even if simmering tensions will only intensify the self-identification of French Canadians with their French heritage, the reality is that all the chauvinism in the world may not matter chiefly because French Canada and English Canada are becoming relatively smaller pieces of the Canadian mosaic as the nation welcomes in people from Asia, from Africa, from South America and from Eastern Europe who do not have either language as their first language. Ultimately, if other divides in Canada fall the French-English model and grow more acrimonious, then the countrys future could be at risk; however, the French-English divide will probably become less important over time. Conclusion The past several pages have looked at the English-French divide in Canada, the ancient fault-line, and have argued that language laws instituted in Quebec surely did not help in bringing the two sides together; if anything, ancient animosities were revived. However, Canada is a changing nation and that means that no one can safely assume that Canada will tear apart if the gulf between English and French widens. The future is uncertain, but it is unlikely that the French and English divide will remain the dominant one in Canadian life simply because Canada is a country that is moving beyond its French/English past.

Essay --

1. Context of the Cape Breton Regional Municipality community. Cape Breton Regional Municipality is "a community of communities" which put the county, city and towns together since 1995 because the local government of NS wants to reduce the number of incorporated towns and cities in the province. Therefore, the CBRM was created include the Municipality of the County of Cape Breton, the City of Sydney, the Towns of Glace Bay, Sydney Mines, New Waterford, North Sydney, Dominion and Louisbourg. The CBRM is the second largest municipality in the Province of Nova Scotia, Canada. Located on the eastern side of Cape Breton Island, it covers a total area of 2,470 square kilometers and currently has a population of 97,398. From the statistic Canada, the population in CBRM shows decreasing since 2006. By the resident information, it is divided into three sections to explain: demography; education level and labour market characteristic. (1). In the population sector, it includes age, sex and housing. In the age part, there were 28,090 people, which was 2 7.6% of the total number of CBRM, were 35-54 years in 2011. The people age between 20-64 years, which is labour force age, were 60,575 (60%). Over 65Â  year, old people in CBRM were 19,655 (20.0%) and 21,385 people which were 20.1% of the total number of the population was a youth under 19 year old. The median age people were 47.5% in CBRM, male and female were 46.4% and 48.3, respectively. In the sex part, the male in the CBRM were 46,075 in 2011, and female were 51,325. The age between 15-64 which was adults has the ability to work were 64,575, the male and female were 30,945 and 33,630, respectively. In the housing part, the total number of families were 28,805, 64.1 percent have been ma... ...ta-Cascante, D., & Trejos, B. (2013). Community Resilience in Resource-Dependent Communities: A Comparative Case Study. Environment And Planning A, 45(6), 1387-1402. Social economy; communities, economies and solidarity in Atlantic Canada.(Brief article)(Book review). (2012). Reference & Research Book News. Patterson, P., & Biagi, S. (2003). The loom of change : weaving a new economy on Cape Breton / Paul Patterson and Susan Biagi. Sydney, NS : University College of Cape Breton Press, c2003. Loxley, J., Silver, J., & Sexsmith, K. (2007). Doing community economic development / edited by John Loxley, Jim Silver and Kathleen Sexsmith. Halifax, N.S. : Fernwood Pub., c2007. Haughton G. Community Economic Development / Edited By Graham Haughton [e-book]. London : Stationery Office, 1999.; 1999. Available from: CBU Library Catalogue, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 17, 2013.

Electronics Human Resources Management (E-Hrm)

Introduction Electronics Human Resources Management (e-HRM) is one of the most critical tools for analyzing businesses for the next step in business strategy. Even the tiny, no more than 30 staff in an office is necessary to explore the advantage of using e-HRM to achieve higher efficiency. Many companies do not understand how much time and cost they are spending on traditional human resource management (HRM) tasks until they brainstorm and try to save their time.E-HR can provides valuable potential for a wide variety of uses including employee self-service, the production of reports, the sharing of information and the administration of functions (Pass, 2002). VHR offers a network-based structure built on partnerships and typically mediated by information technology(IT) to help an organization acquire, develop and deploy intellectual capital(Lepak and Snell,1998). Therefore, e-HRM is evaluating to be its information technology(IT) field .One of the major reason why using e-HRM is tha t global competition is giving more and more stress on managers in United State to increase the speed and the quality of decision making. Moreover, providing more funding in information technology usually result in faster and better management decision making. ( Broderick, R. & Boudreau, J. W. ,1992) More and more senior managers started to use e-HRM to improve the performance in Human Resources .Hussain, Wallace, and Cornelius (2007) discovered that the norm, irrespective of company size can be increased gradually for senior HR professionals implementing the systems of e-HRM and this had led to the HR profession providing a value-add for the company. The main objectives of this paper are to: -Understanding the Electronic Human Resource Management -Types of Electronic Human Resource Management -Theoretical Perspectives -Example of using Electronic Human Resource Management The paper is written as follows.First and foremost, we provide a understanding basic concept of e-HRM ,how it w orks and the uses of computers. Then we will describe the three types of e-HRM and explain the theoretical perspectives with example. Lastly, we recap the conclusion and provide suggestions for organization in the future. After reading this paper, we will see the importance of implementing electronic Human resource information systems. a. Structure of your paper 1. Present the major concepts or real world problems you want to address Understanding Electronic Human Resource ManagementNowadays, the concept of e-HRM is still unclear no meter how senior mangers frequently using them. In fact, e-HRM is the (planning, implementation and) application of information technology for both networking and supporting at least two individual or collective actors in their shared performing of HR activities. (Strohmeier, S. , 2007). The aim of e-HRM is to provide the potential improvement of services to HR department stakeholders. Apart from this, the operating and transferring of computerized HR in formation is also called electronic human resource management.It offers companies to reduces costs and provide more sufficient information to employees in a shorter and more efficient way. Especially in economic downturn, it becomes the key for companies to be more efficient in every section of their business. The majority of the computer applications are to manage employee personal records and payroll. A common payoff to such investments was more efficient information management. Type of Electronic Human Resource Management Three major type of e-HRM like operational, relational and transformational were revealed by Lepak and Snell (1998).Operational e-HRM is involved in supervisory function like employee personal data and payroll. Many Human Resources activities such as pay and benefits service to the Internet are rearranged by many firms in order to achieve higher efficiency (Perrine, 2001). In traditional way, the basic salary, commission, wages, and benefits were recorded and ca lculated by manual writing on paper at a certain time interval. However, the internet offers an instantaneous way for employees obtaining information on separating into salaries, deductions and accumulated balances.The information of Wages, other benefits and salary can be directly achieved by downloading from the payroll, benefits and compensation databases. (Ngai, E. W. T. , Law, C. C. H, Chan, S. C. H. , & Wat, F. K. T. , 2008) Relational e-HRM is focused on supportive business operations. Incidentally, training, recruitment, performance management are examples of under Relational e-HRM.. In recruitment and selection, online recruiting is the trend nowadays. (Bussler and Davis, 2001; Kumar, 2003)The information of the job seekers is stored in the information system.The method of screening out of suitable candidates is no longer by human eyes, but enters the keywords for identifying the basic requirement. Moreover, performance appraisal will not only be evaluated at a period of ti me, but can easily be followed up online by not tracking only one databases such as supervisors, peers, customers or subordinates. (Ngai, E. W. T. , Law, C. C. H, Chan, S. C. H. , & Wat, F. K. T. , 2008)One of the major reasons in using e-HRM is that the use of internet support for the function of training and development. (Kirrane,1990).It can save the time of teacher in recording the a series of lessons once and upload it on the e-Learning for the candidates to learn by themselves. Besides, the reference books can be printed out as a PDF file and uploaded it on the databases system for candidate or researcher further educations. As a results, the education materials like recruiting teachers, reserving rooms for teaching or ordering the books can be reduced gradually. Hence, it can save the cost in training section. On the other hand, it increase the efficiency and effectiveness .Transformational e-HRM is covered the area of HRM activities with a strategic character, for instances, know management, strategic re-orientation. Know management is about organizations using new method to engage the problems of innovation and competitiveness. (Swart and Kinnie, 2003). It is possible to create a change ready workforce through an integrated set of web-based tools that enables the workforce to develop in line with the company’s strategic choices or to have paper-based materials. (Huub and Tanya ,2004) Theoretical PerspectivesWell defined theory can become the critical part in research and development. In this paper, we will discuss them briefly. New institutional theory (DiMaggio and Powell, 1983) provides adequate and developed possibilities to explain the connections of the context and the structure of e-HRM. Transaction cost theory(Williamson,1994) explains the structure and the connection of the economic consequences of e-HRM. In the other words, organization should consider the institutional arrangements according to the cost effectiveness.Example of using Electronic Human Resource Management In cost leadership objectives, cost reduction in different aspects such as reporting, monitoring the status of applications and transaction operation is the main concerned of many senior professionals. In order to reduce the administrative cost effectively and efficiently, computerization can exclude the layers of paper writing and decentralize administrative work. As a result, administrative standardization, accuracy and the controls will also be improved. Conclusion 2.Present the theories and models that you want to use to analyze the concepts or problems based on your real world experiences 3. Analyze the concepts or problems by using these theories and models 4. Present your conclusions Reference Pass, C. (2002),†How one company has embraced e-HR†,HR Focus,Vol. 79,pp. 1-3. Broderick, R. & Boudreau, J. W. (1992) Human resource management, information technology and the competitive edge, Academy of Management Executive, 6(2), 7-17. Lepak,D. P and Snell,S. A. (1998),†Virtual HR:Strategic human resource management in the 21st century†, Human Resource Management Review,Vol. , pp. 215-34 Hussain, Z. , Wallace, J. , & Cornelius, N. E. (2007). The use and impact of human resource information systems on human resource management professionals. Information & Management, 44, 74-89. Strohmeier, S. (2007), Research in e-HRM: Review and implications. Human Resource Management Review, 17, 19-37. Ngai, E. W. T. , Law, C. C. H, Chan, S. C. H. , & Wat, F. K. T. (2008), Importance of the Internet to Human Resource Practitioners in Hong Kong, Personnel Review, 37, 66-84. Huub and Tanya(2004)†E-HRM: Innovation or Irritation.An Explorative Empirical Study in Five Large Companies on Web-based HRM† Kirrane, D. E. (1990),†Machine learning†, Training and Development Journal,Vol. 4, pp. 24-9. Kumar, S. (2003),†Managing human capital supply chain in the internet era†, Industrial Managemen t & Data Systems, Vol. 103, pp. 227-37 Swart, J. and Kinnie, N. (2003),†Sharing knowledge-intensive firms†, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 60-75 Williamson, O. E. (1994). Transaction costs economics and organization theory. In N. Smelser & R. Swedberg (Eds. ), Handbook of Economic

History of the Scientific Revolution

History of the Scientific Revolution Human history is often framed as a series of episodes, representing sudden bursts of knowledge. The Agricultural Revolution, the Renaissance, and the  Industrial Revolution  are just a few examples of historical periods where it is generally thought that innovation moved more rapidly than at other points in history, leading to huge and sudden shake-ups in science, literature, technology, and philosophy.  Among the most notable of these  is the Scientific Revolution, which emerged just as Europe was awakening from an intellectual lull referred to by historians as the dark ages. The Pseudo-Science of the Dark Ages Much of what was considered known about the natural world during the early middle ages in Europe dated back to the teachings of the ancient Greeks and Romans. And for centuries after the downfall of the Roman empire, people still generally didn’t question many of these long-held concepts or ideas, despite the many inherent flaws. The reason for this was because such â€Å"truths† about the universe were widely accepted by the Catholic church, which so happened to be the main entity responsible for the widespread indoctrination of western society at the time. Also, challenging church doctrine was tantamount to heresy back then and thus doing so ran the risk of being trialed and punished for pushing counter ideas.    An example of a popular but unproven doctrine was the Aristotelian laws of physics. Aristotle taught that the rate at which an object fell was determined by its weight since heavier objects fell faster than lighter ones. He also believed that everything beneath the moon was comprised of four elements: earth, air, water, and fire. As for astronomy, Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy’s earth-centric celestial system, in which heavenly bodies such as the sun, moon, planets and various stars all revolved around the earth in perfect circles, served as the adopted model of planetary systems. And for a time, Ptolemy’s model was able to effectively preserve the principle of an earth-centered universe as it was fairly accurate in predicting the motion of the planets. When it came to the inner workings of the human body, the science was just as error-ridden. The ancient Greeks and Romans used a system of medicine called humorism, which held that illnesses were the result of an imbalance of four basic substances or â€Å"humors.† The theory was related to the theory of the four elements. So blood, for instance, would correspond with air and phlegm corresponded with water. Rebirth and Reformation Fortunately, the church would, over time, begin to lose its hegemonic grip on the masses. First, there was the Renaissance, which, along with spearheading a renewed interest in the arts and literature, led to a shift toward more independent thinking. The invention of the printing press also played an important role as it greatly expanded literacy as well as enabled readers to reexamine old ideas and belief systems. And it was around this time, in 1517 to be exact, that Martin Luther, a monk who was outspoken in his criticisms against the Catholic Churchs reforms, authored his famous 95 theses that listed all of his grievances. Luther promoted his 95 theses by printing them out on a pamphlet and distributing them among the crowds. He also encouraged churchgoers to read the bible for themselves and opened the way for other reform-minded theologians such as John Calvin. The Renaissance, along with Luther’s efforts, which led to a movement known as the Protestant Reformation, would both serve to undermine the church’s authority on all matters that were essentially mostly pseudoscience. And in the process, this burgeoning spirit of criticism and reform made it so that the burden of proof became more vital to understanding the natural world, thus setting the stage for the scientific revolution. Nicolaus Copernicus In a way, you can say that the scientific revolution started out as the Copernican Revolution. The man who started it all, Nicolaus Copernicus, was a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who was born and raised in the Polish city of ToruÅ„. He attended the University of Cracow, later continuing his studies in Bologna, Italy. This is where he met astronomer Domenico Maria Novara and the two soon began exchanging scientific ideas that often challenged the long-accepted theories of Claudius Ptolemy. Upon returning to Poland, Copernicus took up a position as a canon. Around 1508, he quietly started developing a heliocentric alternative to Ptolemy’s planetary system. To correct some of the inconsistencies that made it insufficient to predict planetary positions, the system he eventually came up with placed the Sun at the center instead of the Earth. And in Copernicus’ heliocentric solar system, the speed in which Earth and other planets circled the Sun was determined by their distance from it. Interestingly enough, Copernicus wasn’t the first to suggest a heliocentric approach to understanding the heavens. The ancient Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos, who lived in the third century B.C., had proposed a somewhat similar concept much earlier that never quite caught on. The big difference was that Copernicus’ model proved to be more accurate at predicting the movements of the planets.   Ã‚   Copernicus detailed his controversial theories in a 40-page manuscript titled Commentariolus in 1514 and in De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres), which was published right before his death in 1543. Not surprisingly, Copernicus’ hypothesis enraged the Catholic church, which eventually banned De revolutionibus in 1616. Johannes Kepler Despite the Church’s indignation, Copernicus’ heliocentric model generated a lot of intrigue among scientists. One of these people who developed a fervent interest was a young German mathematician named Johannes Kepler. In 1596, Kepler published Mysterium cosmographicum (The Cosmographic Mystery), which served as the first public defense of Copernicus’ theories. The problem, however, was that Copernicus’ model still had its flaws and was not completely accurate in predicting planetary motion. In 1609, Kepler, whose main work was coming up with a way to account for the way Mars’ would periodically move backward, published Astronomia ​nova (New Astronomy). In the book, he theorized that planetary bodies didn’t orbit the Sun in perfect circles as Ptolemy and Copernicus had both assumed, but rather along an elliptical path.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Besides his contributions to astronomy, Kepler made other notable discoveries. He figured out that it was refraction that allows for the eyes’ visual perception and used that knowledge to develop eyeglasses for both nearsightedness and farsightedness. He was also able to describe how a telescope worked. And what’s less known was that Kepler was able to calculate the birth year of Jesus Christ. Galileo Galilei Another contemporary of Kepler’s who also bought into the notion of a heliocentric solar system and was the Italian scientist Galileo Galilei. But unlike Kepler,  Galileo didn’t believe that planets moved in an elliptical orbit and stuck with the perspective that planetary motions were circular in some way. Still, Galileo’s work produced evidence that helped bolster the Copernican view and in the process further undermine the church’s position. In 1610, using a telescope he built himself,  Galileo began fixing its lens on the planets and made a series of important discoveries. He found that the moon was not flat and smooth, but had mountains, craters and valleys. He spotted spots on the sun and saw that Jupiter had moons that orbited it, rather than the Earth. Tracking Venus, he found that it had phases like the Moon, which proved that the planet rotated around the sun. Much of his observations contradicted the established Ptolemic notion that all planetary bodies revolved around the Earth and instead supported the heliocentric model. He published some of these earlier observations in the same year under the title Sidereus Nuncius (Starry Messenger). The book, along with subsequent findings led many astronomers to convert to Copernicus’ school of thought and put Galileo in very hot water with the church. Yet despite this, in the years that followed,  Galileo continued his â€Å"heretical† ways, which would further deepen his conflict with both the Catholic and Lutheran church. In 1612, he refuted the Aristotelian explanation of why objects floated on water by explaining that it was due to the object’s weight relative to the water and not because an object’s flat shape. In 1624,  Galileo got permission to write and publish a description of both the Ptolemic and Copernican systems under the condition that he does not do so in a manner that favors the heliocentric model. The resulting book, â€Å"Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems† was published in 1632 and was interpreted to have violated the agreement. The church quickly launched the inquisition and put  Galileo on trial for heresy. Though he was spared harsh punishment after admitting to have supported Copernican theory, he was put under house arrest for the remainder of his life. Still,  Galileo never stopped his research, publishing several theories until his death in 1642.   Ã‚   Isaac Newton While both Kepler and Galileo’s work helped to make a case for the Copernican heliocentric system, there was still a hole in the theory. Neither can adequately explain what force kept the planets in motion around the sun and why they moved this particular way. It wasn’t until several decades later that the heliocentric model was proven by the English mathematician Isaac Newton. Isaac Newton, whose discoveries in many ways marked the end of the Scientific Revolution, can very well be considered among one of the most important figures of that era. What he achieved during his time has since become the foundation for modern physics and many of his theories detailed in Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) has been called the most influential work on physics. In Principa, published in 1687, Newton described three laws of motion that can be used to help explain the mechanics behind elliptical planetary orbits. The first law postulates that an object that is stationary will remain so unless an external force is applied to it. The second law states that force is equal to mass times acceleration and a change in motion is proportional to the force applied. The third law simply stipulates that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Although it was Newton’s three laws of motion, along with law of universal gravitation, that ultimately made him a star among the scientific community, he also made several other important contributions to the field of optics, such as building he first practical reflecting telescope and developing a theory of color.

Christianity in Medievel Times Essays

Christianity in Medievel Times Essays Christianity in Medievel Times Essay Christianity in Medievel Times Essay more true was the influence of the Catholic Church. The papacy was having more and more of an influence in olitical and military factors. To ensure that this political power would remain with the papacy, popes had to be seen as legitimate enforcers and rulers capable of taking command of armies and carry out acts of war. One important thing note is that when the Hundred Year started no kings were involved. It is also important to note that England won all the great battles, but it was France that ultimately won the war. Often popes used the so called theory of the Two Swords as an instrument against their enemies during the crusades. This theory connected both spiritual and emporal power propounded by Pope Gelasius I during the fifth century and in the twelfth century by Bernard of Clairvaux. Bernard believed that Gelasian decree meant that the temporal sword was wielded for the good of the Catholic Church and translated therefore in this way: Both swords, that is, the spiritual and the material, belong to the Church, however, the latter is to be drawn for the Church and the former by the Church. The Spiritual Sword should be drawn by the hand of the priest; the material sword by the hand of the knight, but clearly at the bidding of the priest and at the command of the emperor. Once again the influence of religious beliefs here was eminent in medieval times. Calls for crusading were prominent in the latter stages which gave Christian believers hope of attaining salvation with their personal efforts in the crusades. The cross became the official symbol of Christianity and therefore was used in leading the Christian crusaders into battle and also used by the priest and bishops to bless those going into battle. The impact that thoughts and ideas had on the Middle Ages is obvious. Spiritual and religious beliefs were dominant over physical force and oppression because eople kept there faith and believed in a higher authority. There were wars and power changed hands from the Pope to the King. Popes were not only seen as divine but also held on high and viewed as a force to be reckoned with in terms of military power and bargaining strategy. The marriage bond and the family unit were all controlled and examined by the church. These concepts and ancient philosophies have survived and been carried through the centuries. The Christian church has survived because of its ability to both control and adapt. It has adapted by ncorporating other rituals and traditions, especially those of pagan origin into its own as can clearly be seen in such holidays as Christmas and Easter. It control can also be seen its ability to bless and manipulate those in power. Christianity today has an ever growing following with over five hundred denominations and it main political and religious fgures are still seen as divine by most Christian believers. Bibliography Standard Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Confucious, last modified March 31 , 2013, accessed October 1, 2013, http://plato. stanford. du/entries/confucius/ Lansing, Carol nd Edward D. English, Editors. A Companion to the Medieval World Malden: Wiley- Blackwell Publishing Ltd. , 2009, Rist, Rebecca. The Papacy and Crusading in Europe, 1198-1245New York: contnuum Books, 2009 Norman Housley, Fighting for the Cross: Crusading to the Holy Land (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2008, 53-55. Bernard of Clairvaux, De consideratione, PL 182, col s 776-7. See Bernard of Clairvaux Five Books on Consideration. Advice to the Pope, trans. J. D. Anderson and E. T. Kennan (Kalamazoo, MI. 197), Book 4, 3. 7. P. 118. Luke 6:31, Holy Bible

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Ethics - Essay Example Nor is computer ethics the rote application of ethical principles to a value-free technology. Computer ethics requires us to think anew about the nature of computer technology and our values. Although computer ethics is a field between science and ethics and depends on them, it is also a discipline in its own right which provides both conceptualizations for understanding and policies for using computer technology.† (Moor, 1985) To evaluate this current ethical issue a recent (not more than four weeks old) article form the Brimbank Weekly Newspaper was evaluated. A summary of the core idea behind the article is represented as under: The basic ethical issue that has been highlighted in the article is that Web security is the right of every individual. Ethically it becomes the responsibility of every individual who is an Information and Communications Technology Professional to safeguard privacy and security of others’ interests. Any violation in doing so is not in line with the ethical boundaries to which every ICT related individual is bound. The article further proceeds as follows: The article highlights that schools often propagate the pictures and some personal information of their students without the permission of their parents. The personal information may involve the name of the child or the grade in which he studies etc. It emphasizes the fact that schools themselves do not permit students to put up their pictures in their school uniform on the internet so that the school’s image may not get associated in any inappropriate manner. On the contrary, however the school administrative itself does not practice the same for its students who should be their most valued assets. On the contrary, if the parents try to search their child’s name on any reputable on-line search engine like Google they are shocked to find repeated entries of the child’s name in various documents. This is without the acquisition of any permission from them. Entries for

Prison Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Prison Culture - Essay Example Recommendations aimed at removing these distresses so that the inmates could become a healthy part of the free society. Key words: Prison culture, inmate subculture, free world, case studies. Introduction Culture as defined in Oxford Dictionary tells that it is â€Å"the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a particular people or society†. Therefore the term Prison Culture refers to the ideas, customs and behavior of the prison community. In this world, there have always been two types of humans; either they are free to do what they desire or they are inside the bars not allowed to go their well. Culture therefore also becomes divided into two types; the culture of free humans and the culture of prisoners. The paper aims at describing the later type. Prison Culture is the net combined behavior of the inmates of a prison. The paper has attempted to analyze the prison culture after studying the ways in which the prisoners react. Prison Culture can be best understood keeping in view an expanded volume of gas where there are atoms frequently wandering here and there, with no destiny, with no desire, with no ambition. They are scattered and same is the situation with prisoners. Like the atoms, they have no ideals to abide by. There is a sort of confusion prevailing everywhere. Prison Culture is without a well defined social structure. ... The norms and values of prisons are either not seen or completely different from those of the outside society. Every day inside the prison is the Day of Judgment where everyone tries to get his share not bothering for anyone else. Prison Culture is therefore a totally different culture (Clemmer, 1958). Statement Of Problem Prison hurts the human psychologically. The fact adds to the troubles of the inmates and creates problems in the inmate-to-inmate relations. Prison encourages the institution of government to practice more and more degrading environments. Overcrowding in the prisons adds to the aggressive behavior of the inmates. This is the main cause of the prison culture being poor and weak in the sense. It has been noted that the increased is the population inside the prison, the increased is the ratio of violence and abuse between prisoners and the prison staff. It means that the larger is the number of prisoners, the more aggressive is the Prison Culture. This fact in turn in creases the volume of punishment inside the prison. Public prisons are more populated than the private and the theory is proved that in private prisons, the rate of violence and punishment is quite lower than the public prison (Steiner, 2009). The growth of privatized prisons is yet another problem. This is because of the worsening of the prison culture as regards the public prison. Also private prison is more economical for the state than the public prison. The risk of violence is in turn increased by the under-staffing. Since the increase in staff strength increases the burden on government exchequer, it hesitates to do so and the prison culture is thus influenced (Taylor, 2008). Guard-prisoner relationship is always of extreme importance for the prison