Structure in Hamlet Essay -- GCSE English Literature Coursework

Structure in Hamlet    In Shakespeare’s tragic drama Hamlet, what is the structure? Is it a two-part construction of Rising Action and then Falling Action? Is it a three-part construction? Or four parts? This essay will answer these questions and others related to structure.    A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy analyzes the structure of Shakespearean tragedy:    As a Shakespearean tragedy represents a conflict which terminates in a catastrophe, any such tragedy may roughly be divided into three parts. The first of these sets forth or expounds the situation, or state of affairs, out of which the conflict arises; and it may, therefore, be called the Exposition. The second deals with the definite beginning, the growth and the vicissitudes of the conflict. It forms accordingly the bulk of the play, comprising the Second, Third and Fourth Acts, and usually a part of the First and a part of the Fifth. The final section of the tragedy shows the issue of the conflict in a catastrophe. (52)    Thus the first step of the structure of Hamlet involves the presentation of a conflict-generating situation. Marchette Chute in â€Å"The Story Told in Hamlet† describes the beginning of the Exposition of the drama: The story opens in the cold and dark of a winter night in Denmark, while the guard is being changed on the battlements of the royal castle of Elsinore. For two nights in succession, just as the bell strikes the hour of one, a ghost has appeared on the battlements, a figure dressed in complete armor and with a face like that of the dead king of Denmark, Hamlet’s father. A young man named Horatio, who is a school friend of Hamlet, has been told of the apparition and cannot believe it, and one of the officers has... ...ive but Earnest Young Aristocrat.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: University of Delaware Press , 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.    Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. â€Å"Hamlet: A Man Who Thinks Before He Acts.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar. N. p.: Pocket Books, 1958.

To Kill a Mockingbird – Dill Harris Character Sketch

Charles Baker Harris, who is commonly referred to as Dill, is a little boy in the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird and plays the role of a cardboard character. Dill is sincere friends with Scout and Jem and spends his summers with Aunt Rachel. Dill represents the naivety and innocence of childhood and is a very intriguing character. Dill appears to be younger than his actual age. In the beginning of the novel, Dill had a short stature and appeared to be four years of age, when in actuality, wassix years of age. â€Å"How old are you,’ asked Jem, ‘four and a half (Lee, Page 7)? ’† â€Å"‘Goin’ on seven (Lee, Page 7). † â€Å"‘Scout yonder’s been readin’ ever since she was born and she ain’t even started school yet. You look puny for goin’ on seven (Lee, Page 7). ’† The quotes from the novel are from a conversation between Jem and Dill when they met. Jem initially assumes that Dill is four and a half years because of his youthful appearance and petite body. Dill corrects Jem, stating that he is actually six years of age and is turning seven. Dill says in the last quote that he is quite small for his age. The quotes prove that Dill has a youthful appearance, small stature and appears younger than what he actually is. Dill also has white hair and a pair of blue eyes. â€Å"†¦ his hair was snow white and stuck to his head like duckfluff; he was a year my senior but I towered over him. As he told us the old take his blue eyes would lighten and darken†¦ (Lee, Page 8). † The quote from the novel is from the time when Scout is describing Dill’s hair and eyes. The quote is proof that Dill has white hair and blues eyes because this quote states that Dill’s hair was white with a duckfluff texture. The quote is also proof that Dill has blue eyes because the quote mentioned that Dill has a pair of blue eyes. Dill is of Caucasian race, given the fact that Dill has blue eyes. People of the Caucasian race are the only ones who can possess blue eyes. A positive trait that Dill possesses is his gift for storytelling and whimsical imagination. Dill would always make up peculiar stories about his life and share them with Scout and Jem. â€Å"Refreshed by food, Dill recited this narrative: having been bound in chains and left to die in the basement (there were basements in Meridian) by his new father, who disliked him, and secretly kept alive on a raw field peas by a passing farmer who heard his ries for help, Dill worked himself free by pulling the chains from the wall. Still in wrist monocles, he wandered two miles out of the Meridian where he discovered a small animal show and was immediately engaged to wash the camel. He traveled with the show all over Mississippi until his infallible sense of direction told him he was in Abbot Country, Alabama, just across the river from Maycomb. He walked the rest of the way (Lee, Page 140). † Another positive character trait that Dill possesses is his developed empathy for people. Dill desires fair treatment of every human being, regardless of race. â€Å"‘It was just something I couldn’t stand. ’ Dill said (Lee, Page 198). † â€Å"‘Dill, that’s his job. Why, if we didn’t have prosecutors—well we couldn’t have defense attorneys, I reckon (Lee, Page 199). ’† â€Å"Dill exhaled patiently. ‘I know all that, Scout. It was the way he said it made me sick, plain sick (Lee, Page 199). ’† â€Å"‘He’s supposed to act that way, Dill, he was cross—(Lee, Page 199)’. † â€Å"‘He didn’t act that way when—‘(Lee, Page 199). â€Å"‘Dill, those were his own witnesses (Lee, Page 199). ’† â€Å"‘Well, Mr. Finch didn’t act that way to Mayella and old man Ewell when he cross-examined them. The way that man called him ‘boy’ all the time an’ sneered at him, an’ looked ar ound at the jury every time he answered—(Lee, Page 199)’. † â€Å"‘Well, Dill, after all he’s just a Negro (Lee, Page 199)’. † â€Å"‘I don’t care one speck. It ain’t right, somehow it aint right to do ‘em that way. Hasn’t anybody got any business talkin’ like that—it just makes me sick (Lee, Page 199)’. The quotes from the novel are from a conversation between Dill and Scout after watching the trial of Tom Robinson for a while (Tom Robinson was a black man who was accused of sexually assaulting a white woman and was put on trial, despite the lack of evidence of the rape. The trial is unfair to Tom because the trial took place during the time when racism was prominent in the southern United States. The prosecutors and judges treated Tom disrespectfully and unfairly in the trial because he was black). In the conversation, it was shown that Dill was upset by the unfairness of the trial and the cruelty of the people towards Tom Robinson because he was black. Scout tries to comfort Dill, but Dill was far too upset by the injustice. In the last quote, Dill says to Scout that Tom shouldn’t be treated with disrespect because he was a Negro. The prejudice and unfairness of the trial reveals Dill’s empathy and desire for equal and respectful treatment of everyone, regardless if they’re black or white. This scenario in the novel causes Dill’s character to mature, such that he gains strong moral values like Atticus (Atticus is Scout’s father who is defending Tom Robinson and believes that black people should be treated equally and with respect, despite the fact that most of Maycomb’s citizens were racist). A trait of Dill’s that needs improvement is his naivety and his tendency to jump to conclusions without discussing his problems to anyone. Dill shows his naivety in the novel by running away from his parents because he believed that his parents didn’t love or care about him. Dill’s voice went on steadily in the darkness: ‘the thing is, what I’m trying to say is—they do get on a lot bettwe without me, I can’t help them any. They ain’t mean. They buy me everything I want, but it’s now-you’ve-got-it-go-play-with-it (Lee, Page 143)’. † The quote from the novel is from when Dill was e xplaining to Scout about why he ran away from his parents. Dill explains that he doesn’t feel loved by his parents because all his parents just do is give Dill material possessions to keep him occupied, instead spending time with him. What Dill really desires is not toys, but his parent’s time. Dill’s parents obviously love and care for Dill, but Dill is naive as to assume that his parents don’t. Instead of Dill discussing his situation with his parents or asking to spend time with him, Dill, with his naive mind, runs away from his parents. The fact that Dill ran away from his parents is proof that he is naive. â€Å"Jem gave a reasonable description of Boo: Boo was about sex-and-a-half feet tall, judging from his tracks; he dined on raw squirrels and any cats he could catch, that’s why his hands were bloodstained—if you ate an animal raw, you could never wash the blood off. There was a long jagged scar that ran across his face; what teeth he had were yellow and rotten; his eyes popped, and he drooled most of the time (Lee, Page 13). † â€Å"‘Let’s try to make him come out,’ said Dill. ‘I’d like to see what he looks like (Lee, Page 13). ’† â€Å"Our first raid came to pass only because Dill bet Jem The Gray Ghost against two Tom Swifts that Jem wouldn’t get any farther than the Radley gate. In all his life, Jem had never declined a dare. Jem thought about it for three days. I suppose he loved honor more than hid head for Dill wore him down easily (Lee, Page 13). † â€Å"‘You’re scared,’ Dill said, the first day (Lee, Page 13). † â€Å"‘Ain’t scared, just respectful,’ said Jem (Lee, Page 13). † â€Å"But Dill got him the third day, when he told Jem that folks in Meridian certainly weren’t as afraid as the folks in Maycomb, that he’d never seen such scary folks as the ones in Maycomb. That was enough to make Jem march to the corner, where he stopped and leaned against the light-pole, watching the gate hanging crazily on its homemade hinge (Lee, Page 13). †

The Economic Crisis Of The Automobile Industry Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1788 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The recent economic crisis has taken a toll on various forms of business, causing companies to incur substantial losses and even causing some companies to go out of business. The economic crisis caused millions of people across the United States to lose employment, and employment opportunities became scarce worldwide. The impact of the automobile industry during the economic crisis affected the companies known as The Big Three Companies. These companies which include General Motors, Ford and Chrysler became targets during the economic crisis. The companies lost substantial amounts of revenue, and some were even forced to file bankruptcy. The financial standpoints of The Big Three Companies, now called The Detroit Three are looking better. General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler are paving their way in the future developing plans for vehicles that will meet the needs of all consumers. The recent economic crisis has taken a toll on various forms of business, causing c ompanies to incur substantial losses and even causing some companies to go out of business. The economic crisis also had a great impact on potential employment opportunities. Millions of people across the United States, either loss their positions as an end-result of the economic crisis or took a pay cut to keep from being terminated from positions. Along with this, the automobile industry was impacted by the economic crisis. The US economic crisis hit the common man the most, reducing the quantum and quality of lifestyle greatly. Home and investments plunged, putting statistical pressure on the labor market.[8] The main features of the US Economic Crisis include the following: Payroll Decline Loss of more than 4.4 million jobs Sharp contraction within the labor market Increase in involuntary part-time job slots and underemployment Drop in average hourly earnings Reduced consumer spending[8] Not only was the automobile industry affected by the six main featur es listed above, Gross Domestic Product, also known as GDP, had a major affected on the economy. [8] By definition, Gross Domestic Product, GDP, is a measurement of a countrys overall official economic output.[9] The economic crisis caused spending by consumers and businessman to cease, and monetary policy rates were suspended at a near-0. Construction-based company and related employment dropped considerably. [8] Retail trade and the hospitality segment were hit by a non-essential spending habit. Within the automobile industry, temporary employment and labor intensive processing couldnt salvage the aggregate earnings or input. [8] The automotive industry crisis was a part of a global financial downturn. This downtown included a decrease in automobile sales and a decrease in revenue resulting from the sale of automobiles. The purchase of SUV vehicles decreased dramatically due to the increase in gasoline prices. Consumers being to look more for the gas-efficient automobiles oppos e to the luxury vehicles. The luxury vehicles, such as the sport utility vehicles (SUVs), were now seen as gas-gusselers. The automobile economic crisis not only affected the United States manufacturing industry, but the European and Asian automobile industry was affected as well. The automotive industry was weakened by a substantial increase in the prices of automotive fuels linked to the energy crisis of 2003-2008.[1] In the mid-2008, the United States was adversely affected by the global-scale recession. The recession included a combination of declining automobile sales over a period of several years as well as a minimum availability of credit issued by lenders. This shortcoming lead to a widespread crisis in the United States auto industry between 2008 and 2009. [4] This crisis led consumers to become discourages when looking to purchase vehicles such as sport utility vehicles (SUVs) and pickup trucks causing manufacturers to lean in the direction of a low-fuel economy.[1] In the latter half of 2008, the economic crisis situation turned critical as the credit crunch placed pressure on the prices of raw materials. [1] Automobile companies in North American, Europe, Asia, and other areas worldwide began to implement marketing strategies to entice consumers as the percentage of vehicle sales being to decline tremendously..[1] Major manufacturers, including the Big Three, now known as the Detroit Three: General Motors (GM), Ford Motor Company, and Chrysler, and Toyota offered various discounts across their fleet of non-selling vehicles. The Big Three Companies were putting campaigns in place to appeal the the average consumer, however enlight of the financial crisis, critics criticize their antics, calling them irresponsible due the standing situation of the rising fuel prices.[1] North American consumers turned to higher-quality and more fuel-efficient product of Japanese and European automakers. However, many of the vehicles perceived to be foreign wer e actually transplants, foreign cars manufactured or assembled in the United States, at lower cost than true imports. [1] The crisis in the United States is mainly defined by the government bailouts of both General Motors and Chrysler, while Ford secured a line of credit in case they require a bridging loan in the near future. Car sales declined in the United States, affecting both US based and foreign car manufacturers. [1] The bridging loans lead to greater scrutiny of the US automotive industry in addition to criticism of their product range, product quality, high labor wages, job bank programs, and healthcare and retirement benefits. [1] Following dramatic drops in automobile sales throughout 2008, each of the Big Three U.S. automakers requested emergency loans in order to address impending cash shortages. By April 2009, the situation had worsened such that both GM and Chrysler were faced with imminent bankruptcy and liquidation.[4] General Motors, alone, lost $30.9 billio n in 2008. Its fourth quarter loss was $9.6 billion, a decline of 39 percent in revenue. It sustained losses in North America and the rest of the world, burning a big hole in its cash serves. The corporation ended 2008 with about $14 billion in cash, which is close to the minimum amount of cash GM claims it needs to fund its operations.[10] With the intent to prevent massive job losses and destabilizing damage to the entire manufacturing sector, the U.S. and Canadian governments controversially provided unprecedented financial bailout support to allow the companies to restructure and jettison legacy debt via Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Both companies separately filed for this protection by June 1. [4] General Motors emerged from bankruptcy as a new company majority owned by the United States Treasury, and Chrysler emerged owned primarily by the United Auto Workers union and by Italian automaker Fiat S.p.A.. [4] Both companies terminated agreements with hundreds of their dealerships and GM discontinued several of its brands as part of bankruptcy proceedings. Ford Motor Company was able to survive without entering bankruptcy partly due to a large line of credit which it obtained in 2007. [4] The U.S. automakers were more heavily affected by the crisis than their foreign counterparts, such as Toyota. Following the 2000s energy crisis, the U.S. automakers failed to produce more fuel-efficient vehicles as opposed to the high-profit sport utility vehicles that were popular in the late 1990s and early 2000s which led to excess inventory and undesirable product. Since the automotive crisis abated, all three American automakers have increased sales of vehicles and have posted a profit. [4] By the summer of 2010, the gloom over the American auto industry started to lift. Jobs were growing, and factory workers were anticipating their first healthy profit-sharing checks in years. Sales rebounded, with the Commerce Department calling automobiles a bright spot in Jul ys mostly disappointing retail sales.[11] Ford was the first of the three to bounce back. Ford never asked for cash assistance from the government, since they had set aside $25 billion for a turnaround fund.[11] Ford Motor Company has unveiled an aggressive plan to electrify its fleet of vehicles, including plans to offer an all-electric van-type vehicle in 2010 for use in commercial fleets, complemented by a battery-powered sedan in 2011. [4] The company has plans to bring to market a family of battery electric vehicles, regular hybrids, and plug-in hybrids, by year 2012. General Motors unveiled the production of a vehicle that will be able to travel up to 40 miles in an all electric-mode. GM is scheduled to release the Chevy Volt this September, and future plans include launching predominately fuel-efficient cars and crossovers over the next four years. [4] Chrysler LLC plans to launch smaller, fuel-efficient vehicles in the future. Chrysler plans to launch a new hybrid vehi cle this year, the Dodge Ram hybrid, as wells the first electric-drive vehicle. Along with the new hybrid vehicle in 2010, Chrysler also plans to offer three additional electric-drive vehicles this year. In the near future, or by 2012, Chrysler plans to add flex-fuel capabilities to half of its vehicular fleet.[4] With all of the ups and downs that that automobile industry has face during the economic crisis, the companies are aiming for stability. The Big Three companies, now known as the Detroit Three, didnt take the experience of the economic crisis lightly. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler have taken steps to secure the future, as well as create products that meet the needs of its current consumers and future consumers now as the economy finds its way back to where it was. Each company is now making plans to offer my fuel-efficient vehicles and vehicles that not only speak for the company, but also reach the needs of the consumers.References: Automotive industry crisis of 2008-2010. (2010, September 3). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:56, September 5, 2010, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industry_crisis_of_2008%E2%80%932010oldid=382627701 Big Three Bailout? Not So Fast. CBS News. 2008-11-12. https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/11/12/politics/otherpeoplesmoney/main4595068.shtml. Retrieved August 27, 2010 Tucker, Sean. Auto Bailout. U.S. News Rankings and Reviews. https://usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/cars-trucks/Auto-Bailout Retrieved August 27, 2010 Effects of the 2008-2010 automotive industry crises on the United States. (2010, September 3). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 18:57, September 5, 2010, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Effects_of_the_2008-2010_automotive_industry_crisis_on_the_United_Statesoldid=382632717 Big Three (automobile manufacturers). (2010, September 4). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:58, September 5, 2010, from https://e n.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Big_Three_(automobile_manufacturers)oldid=382960142 Timeline: Big Three Automakers Recent Troubles. PBS News Hour. 2009-07-10. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/business/jan-june09/auto_timeline_03-30.html Isidore, Chris, Turnaround for Big Three automakers? Not so fast. CNNMoney.com. 2010-04-30. https://money.cnn.com/2010/04/30/news/companies/big_three_turnaround/index.htm US Economic Crisis: Impact on Automobile Industry Buzzle.com Intelligent Life on the Web. https://www.buzzle.com/articles/us-economic-crisis-impact-on-automobile-industry.html Retrieved 2010-08-30. Gross domestic product. (2010, September 1). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 13:02, September 2, 2010, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gross_domestic_productoldid=383049591 Rosenfield, Herman, The North American Auto Industry in Crisis. 2009-06-08. Retrieved September 2,2010, from https://monthlyreview.org/090608rosenfeld.php Automoti ve Industry Crisis, The New York Times. Retrieved September 2, 2010, from https://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/c/credit_crisis/auto_industry/index.html Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Economic Crisis Of The Automobile Industry Finance Essay" essay for you Create order